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May 25, 2026 Extension Africa

The Nigeria Food Insecurity Issue Series 1

Nigeria Food Insecurity Issue: The Missing Link

Agricultural development is essential for sustainable food security.

Laila Gifty Akita

Since 2023, there have been predictions regarding the intensity and widespread nature of food insecurity in Nigeria. It is estimated that the number of people affected by this issue will be 25 million in 2023 and 26.5 million by June this year. While food insecurity has been a seasonal problem in Nigeria, the current media hype has brought the issue to a whole new level, although the reality on the ground cannot be dismissed.

What are the data saying? What is the reality of the situation and what can we do to manage it and prepare for the worst and change the narrative as quickly as possible?

During President Buhari’s regime, trillions of naira were spent on numerous agricultural and livelihood projects to cushion the effect of poverty and improve food security while driving the country to food sufficiency. These efforts were supported by policies across the value chain to stimulate agro-processing, value addition, local sourcing, and local consumption. When the current administration announced the withdrawal of fuel subsidies and the floating of the naira, ordinarily one would have thought that the much-spent valuable resources by the previous government would come as a shark absorber whilst we adjust to the new reality of the economy. However, this was not the case. Programs like the anchor borrower’s program, the poverty alleviation program, and other funding windows that were to boost production came short, revealing poor implementation, unsustainability, fraud, mismanagement, and other issues. Nigeria has never lacked brilliant projects with sweet names to solve its problems, but the data shows that these projects have not yielded the desired result. Every new government comes with its projects and new benefactors but once the government tenure ends, the projected impact ends with it. While this government is putting up numerous measures, projects, and policies to weather the storm, it must learn from the previous government, what has worked and what has not worked.

One underlying truth is the fact that both state and federal government projects give rise to what we call farmer-political associations, political farmers, fake farmers, and opportunists that hijack opportunities and initiatives aimed at reaching and supporting smallholder farmers. Unfortunately, corruption is also a constant problem in project delivery. The government systems created to be able to reach and cater to the agricultural needs of the 38 million Nigerian farmers and the farming communities are not functional and are in a state of dilemma. These smallholder farmers are responsible for producing over 70% of Nigeria’s food. With over 20 agricultural research institutions and 36 state agricultural development programs, FMARD, and the directorate of extension, the agent-to-farmer ratio still stands as high 

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